Birthday Customs and Traditions in Germany

Many people, both young and old, love celebrating their birthday. In Germany, like in most countries around the world, cake, presents, family, and friends bring in the fun for such a special day. In general, birthday customs in Germany are similar to American birthday celebrations, with a few peculiar exceptions sprinkled here and there throughout German-speaking countries. German Birthday Customs and Traditions(Deutsche Geburtstagsbrà ¤uche und Traditionen) Never wish a German a happy birthday before their birthday. It is considered bad luck to do so. There are no well-wishes, cards or presents given before a German’s birthday. Period. On the other hand, if you live in certain parts of Austria, it is customary to celebrate your birthday on the eve of. If somebody in Germany invites you out for their birthday, the tab is on them. And don’t try insisting on paying for yourself — it won’t work. If you live in northern Germany and happen to be single going on thirty, a few chores may be expected from you. If you’re female, your friends will want you to clean a few doorknobs for them with a toothbrush! If you’re male, then you’ll most likely be sweeping the stairs of town hall or some other busy public place.There is a way to be freed from such menial tasks, however — by a kiss from someone of the opposite sex. Of course, if you dont want to be so mean to your friend, there are alternatives. For instance, the doorknob chore is sometimes executed by having the birthday girl clean a series of doorknobs attached to a wooden board instead, right at her party and not in public. But you cant let them off so easy; it is also tradition to comically dress the birthday girl and boy as they perform their tasks. Other birthday customs include: 16th Birthday: This birthday child should run for cover as his or her friends will undoubtedly pour flour on top of his or her head. Common in northern Germany.18th Birthday: Cracking eggs over the head of someone turning 18.25th Birthday: Once again, if you are an unmarried man, the whole town will know! A Sockenkranz, a type of garland of socks is strung outside the home and around the birthday boy’s property leading to his party. As he follows the garland of socks, he’ll down an alcoholic drink every few meters. Why socks? In German, you have the expression alte Socke (an old sock), more of a derogatory way of saying confirmed bachelor.† A similar experience awaits unmarried women turning this age. They follow a garland of cigarette cartons instead (or other similar-sized cartons if they are non-smokers). These single women are nicknamed eine alte Schachtel (an old box), similar in meaning to old maid. Geburtstagskranz These are beautifully decorated wooden rings that usually contain ten to twelve holes, one for each year of life as a child. Some families opt to light candles in such Geburtstagskrà ¤nze instead of on the cake, though blowing out candles on a birthday cake is frequently observed in Germany as well. A bigger Lebenskerze (life candle) is put in the center of these rings. In religious families, these Lebenskerzen are given at the time of the child’s christening.

The Diurnal Cycle and How it Affects Daily Temperatures

All things in nature have a diurnal or daily pattern simply because they change throughout the course of a day. In meteorology, the term diurnal most often refers to the change of temperature from the daytime high to the nighttime low. Why Highs Dont Happen at High Noon The process of reaching a daily high (or low) temperature is a gradual one. It begins each morning when the Sun rises and its rays extend toward and strike the Earths surface. Solar radiation directly heats the ground, but because of lands high heat capacity (ability to store heat), the ground doesnt immediately warm. Just as a pot of cold water must first warm before coming to a boil, so must the land absorb a certain amount of heat before its temperature rises. As the grounds temperature warms, it heats a shallow layer of air directly above it by conduction. This thin layer of air, in turn, heats the column of cool air above it. Meanwhile, the Sun continues its trek across the sky. At high noon, when it reaches its peak height and is directly overhead, sunlight is at its most concentrated strength. However, because the ground and air must first store heat before radiating it to surrounding areas, maximum air temperature isnt yet reached. It actually lags this period of maximum solar heating by several hours! Only when the amount of incoming solar radiation equals the amount of outgoing radiation does the daily high temperature occur. The time of day this generally happens depends on a number of things (including geographic location and time of year) but is usually between the hours of 3-5 p.m. local time. After noon, the Sun begins its retreat across the sky. From now until sunset, the intensity of incoming solar radiation continually declines. When more heat energy is being lost to space than is incoming at the surface, a minimum temperature is reached. 30 F of (Temperature) Separation On any given day, the temperature swing from low and high temperature is roughly 20 to 30 F. A number of conditions can widen or lessen this range, such as: Day length. The greater (or shorter) the number of daylight hours, the more (or less) time the Earth is subject to heating. Length of daylight hours is determined by geographic location as well as season.Cloudiness. Clouds are good at both absorbing and giving off longwave radiation, and at reflecting shortwave radiation (sunlight). On cloudy days, the ground is shielded from incoming solar radiation because this energy is reflected back out into space. Less incoming heat means less -- and a decrease in diurnal temperature variation. On cloudy nights, diurnal range is also decreased, but for opposite reasons -- heat is trapped near the ground, which allows the days temperatures to remain constant rather than to cool.Elevation. Because mountain areas are located farther from the radiating heat source (the sun-heated surface), they are warmed less and also cool more rapidly after sunset than do valleys.Humidity. Water vapor is good at absorbing and giving off longwave radiation (energy thats released from the Earth) as well as absorbing in the near-infrared part of solar radiation, which reduces the amount of daytime energy reaching the surface. Because of this, daily highs are typically lower in humid environments than they are in dry environments. This is the primary reason why desert regions experience some of the most extreme day-to-night temperature fluctuations.Wind speed. Winds cause air at different levels of the atmosphere to mix. This mixing lessens the difference in temperature between warmer and cooler air, thus decreasing the diurnal temperature range. How to See the Diurnal Pulse In addition to feeling the diurnal cycle (which is done easily enough by enjoying a day outside), its also possible to visibly detect it. Watch a global infrared satellite loop closely. Do you notice the curtain of dark to light that rhythmically sweeps across the screen? Thats Earths diurnal pulse! Diurnal temperature isnt just essential to understanding how we meet our high and low air temperatures, its essential to the science of winemaking.

Persuasive Outline-Organ Donation - 886 Words

PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE – ORGAN DONATION Topic: Organ donation Thesis Statement: Becoming an organ donor after death is not only an important decision for yourself, but it is also an important decision for the life that you may have the power to save. Purpose: To persuade my audience to consider becoming organ donors after death Introduction: 1. Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. 2. The number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. 3. Many stigmas related to organ donation - relatively false, and in order to be well informed, you must†¦show more content†¦Also, how long a patient has been waiting for an organ is a big factor when choosing who will get which organ * Main Point 2- Arguments against organ donation and refutations 1. People of all ages and backgrounds can be organ donors, and if you are under 18, you must get permission from your parent before registering as an organ donor. 2. There are many myths about becoming an organ donor, but here are just a few: 1. If I agree to donate my organs, the hospital won’t work as hard to s ave my life: When you go to hospitals for treatment, doctors focus on saving your life, not someone else’s, and the doctor in charge of your care has nothing to do with transplantation. 2. Organ donation is against my religion: Organ donation is consistent with the beliefs of most religions, including Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, and most branches of Judaism 3. An open-casket funeral isn’t an option for organ donors: The donor’s body is fully clothed, so no one can see the markings or scars of surgery for organ donation. For bone donors, a rod is inserted where the bone was removed, and for skin donors, the skin donation is taken from the person’s back, and since the deceased is clothed and on their back in the casket, the scar is not visible. 4. I’m too old to donate: There is no defined cut off age for donating organs, and there have been many successful organ donations from donors in their 70’s and 80’s. The decision to use t he organsShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech Outline Essay examples942 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech my audience will consider donating their organs and tissues after death and to act upon their decision to donate. Central Idea: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you no longer need your organs. Introduction: How do you feel when you’re waiting for something you really really want? Or what if it’s not evenRead MorePersuasive Speech1153 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Topic: Organ Donation Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. INTODUCTION Attention: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Ladies and gentlemen I’m here today to share with you my views on organ donation, in the hope that you will take them on board and give someone the ultimateRead MorePersuasive Speech Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Froehle Public Speaking Class Persuasive Speech Outline Topic:  Organ Donation Specific Purpose:  To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement:  The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I.   INTRODUCTION A.   Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it wasRead MoreInformation Processing Theory2744 Words   |  11 Pagesthe entertainment factor. Outline for an Entertaining Speech 1 .Write your introduction. In the outline, begin by greeting your audience and thank them for their attendance. Be sure to acknowledge your hosts as well. In addition, give a brief statement establishing your credibility. This statement may reference your personal or professional experience, for example. Preview your speechs main points in this part of the outline. 2. Begin the next portion of the outline with a transition statementRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesa book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editions, which examined only notable mistakesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesdegree of success or failure. In summary, evidence suggests that a five-step learning model is most effective for helping individuals develop management skills (see Cameron Whetten, 1984; Kolb, 1984; Vance, 1993; Whetten Cameron, 1983). Table 3 outlines such a model. Step 1 involves the assessment of current levels of skill competency and knowledge of the behavioral principles. Step 2 consists of the presentation of validated, scientifically based principles and guidelines for effective skill performance

The Acute Stress Response - 3714 Words

Acute Stress Response Cheryl Welch Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to define and explain the acute stress response and acute stress disorder. Clarify the differences between the two conditions and offer review of treatments and symptoms associated with both. Therapies and interventions are reviewed and explored for effectiveness in resolving symptoms and preventing post-traumatic stress disorder. The acute stress response (ASR) refers to psychological and physiological responses to stressful events. These responses are displayed by emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes. Somatic symptoms and symptoms of mental illness can also be seen in ASR especially when the reaction is severe. ASR manifests itself†¦show more content†¦(Mannironi, et al., 2013) First let us look at the amygdala’s roll in the stress response. The amygdala is made up of a group of nuclei located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) The amygdala is believed to be key in stress response integration with its extensive network of efferent outcrops to other regions of the brain. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) Stress mediators such as adrenaline, cortisol, and corticotrophin releasing hormone, contribute to neuronal operative change and plasticity that are instrumental contributory to the stress response. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) Acute psychological stress creates a instant surge of hormone release, neuronal activation, and neurotransmission. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) This activation has an intense effect on the brain, leading to structural modification in the synaptic connectivity and dendritic spine morphology. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) The hormones released during the acute stress response is considered the â€Å"master switch† in controlling the person’s behavioral and physiological adaptation to stress. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) The targets of these hormones are the cognitive, wake sleep, and reward and fear centers of the brain. (Chrousos, 2009) The growth, gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, reproductive and thyroid hormone axis, and immune systems are also effected. (Chrousos, 2009) Optimal basalShow MoreRelatedEssay Acute Stress Response3128 Words   |  13 PagesAcute Stress Response Michelle Miller Liberty University May 6, 2012 Abstract Acute stress disorder and post-traumatic disorder are related in many of their symptoms, however acute stress disorder happens immediately following a traumatic event and never lasts more than a month. Acute stress disorder also shows signs of dissociation, which is associated with daydreaming or spacing out. Post-traumatic stress disorder victims have similar symptoms to acute stress disorder; however the symptomsRead MoreAcute Operative Surgery And Surgical Stress Responses1801 Words   |  8 Pagescontraindications with post-operative surgery and surgical stress responses in patients with pre-existing diseases or conditions, is the key pathogenic factor to understand. Post-Surgical stress responses include: Pain, Nausea, Hypoxemia, Muscle loss, Immobilisation and Sleep disturbance etc. Increase on the demand of organ functions and activation of other biological responses in the body, is the result of post-operative surgical stress. These changes due to stress on body functions a re believed to be inducedRead MoreThe Effects Of Cortisol Mediated Chronic And Acute Stress And Immune System Response2571 Words   |  11 PagesChronic and Acute Stress and Immune System Response Introduction The nervous, endocrine, and immune systems share a close relationship critical to maintaining homeostasis during psychological and immune stress (Carlsson, Anneli, Ludvigsson, Faresjà ¶, 2014). Chronic stress, primarily mediated by the glucocorticoid cortisol, is associated with deleterious health outcomes and immune deficiency. However, acute stress is associated with protective health effects and immune enhancement. Stress has generallyRead MoreAcute Stress Responses For Healthy Individuals May Be Adaptive And Typically Do Not Impose A Health Burden Essay1974 Words   |  8 PagesAcute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of the stressors as well as by the individual s biological vulnerability (i.e., genetics, constitutional factors), psychosocial resources, and learned patterns of coping. Keywords: psychosocial stressors, stress responses, homeostasis, psychosocial interventions, host vulnerability-stressorRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Acute Stress1526 Words   |  7 Pagesexplores acute stress responses. This explanation includes the symptoms of acute stress reactions as well as acute stress disorder. It also emphasizes the differences between acute stress responses and acute stress disorders. Based on the references found and I examine the different treatment strategies and examine responses and further delve into how it can a person’s life with short term and long term effects. Acute Stress Response Definition Acute stress response is a response or a collectionRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress Disorder On The World Of Chaos1412 Words   |  6 PagesTraumatic stress disorders are on the rise in our world of chaos. Most people will find themselves being the victim of a traumatic incident at some point in their lives. For some, trauma is lived out daily. If they do not experience a trauma, then the likelihood is great that they are connected in some way to a victim of trauma. Acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder have become a topic of great interest to researchers. This text will define acute stress disorder also called ASDRead MoreAcute Stress Disorder ( Asd )873 Words   |  4 Pagescalled acute stress disorder (ASD). Acute stress disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by acute stress responses that may last from 2 days to 4 weeks do to a traumatic life event. Following the experience of a traumatic event, an evaluation of ASD requires that a person experience s an extreme emotional reaction to a stress contributor, along with receiving symptoms that lead to impairment or distress (Shevlin, Hyland, Elklit, 2014). Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comesRead MoreStress : Causes, Effects, And Treatments1429 Words   |  6 PagesStress: Causes, Effects, and Treatments INTRODUCTION Stress is a major component of people’s lives at some point or another. Stress is a state of mental and/or emotional tension as a result of demanding circumstances and events. Stress has an impact on humans physically and psychologically. There are different types of stress including: acute, episodic acute, and chronic. Acute is the most common form of stress and it only has temporary effects, episodic is a more frequent form of acute stressRead MoreTypes Of External Source Monitoring803 Words   |  4 Pagesthe disruption of cortisol. Stress can both increase and decrease source monitoring errors and memory retrieval, depending on how much and the kind of stress that occurs. Stress can be difficult to measure because there are differences between every person in their response to stress. There can be large, small, and no increases in cortisol response to stress. The varying kinds of stress combined with situational factors can then have diverging effects. Some forms of stress can improve the ability toRead MoreIs Stress Good Or Bad?968 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish language is stress, a feeling of pressure caused by tasks that are perceived to be a challenge or impossible. The effect of stress can be positive or negative in modern life home and work environments. The accepted reason we as a species feel stress in to engage a fight or flight response in order to survive. In modern society in less likely to have to run for one’s life and feel stress but to have a large workload in a job you keep to feed your family. To define stress would be â€Å"A state

Foreign Auto Shop Free Essays

Running Head: Foreign Auto Shop Final Case Paper jose terrs Submitted To: Dr. torres October 21ST, 2012 GEBB515 – ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Abstract Many companies around the world have different styles of management. Some companies have â€Å"laid back managers† others have â€Å"drill sergeant managers† both types of managers are like and disliked. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Auto Shop or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management plays a very important role in any job field. The overall supervision and leadership shown by the management is what I think, constructs a business to a successful business. Every business needs a foundation. Once the foundation is settled, it’s just a step by step dedication with the owner and its leadership trend team. In this case analysis, Alan shows a mellow characteristic of a manger. But when things get serious, he has a â€Å"strong willed go getter manger characteristic†. The owner of the foreign auto shop has a much laid back personality informed to us by the case. Alan has a very well wanted leadership phase that many employees look for in a boss. Usual leadership situations in the auto repair shop consist of making sure every employee is doing the right job the right way, but without being to â€Å"on top of them† while they perform their work talent. The owner is also head supervisor of the overall shop. He has 7 employees working for his shop in which two of them (Gil amp; Hans) are the easiest to supervise due to the fact that they are more experienced in all subjects of the mechanical work field. Along with his other two employees (Bart amp; Herbie) which are dedicated in to their specific parts of the mechanical workforce. Bart works more on motorcycles, whereas Herbie is a whiz at trouble shooting engine problems. Three other employees require closer supervision by Alan because they are less skilled oriented. By going back to the abstract you will see how a â€Å"foundation† is needed to create a wonderful and successful business. Well Alan has his overall view of what he is dedicated to, and has built a wonderful and creative team that are focused on making sure the client is always happy. Alan’s typical leadership style is considerately appropriate for his leadership situation. Alan is described to be a less â€Å"on point† supervisor amongst his employees. He knows that they are doing their job. He always makes himself available to on the floor to his employees if they are in need of any help or have specific questions. His fairness and openness have earned him the continuing respect and trust if his employees. Sometimes always being a mellow â€Å"laid back† kind of manager is not always a good thing also because many employees can take that and use it against the management. For example, seeing the manager being easy going and not too â€Å"put forward† can sometimes escalate to the actual employee not accomplishing his work goal and just taking it easy. In this case, Alan shows his double side. â€Å"Things are not always greener on the other side of the fence†. There is certainly something very interesting regarding the cause and effect of running a laissez-faire organization, particularly corporations. Ultimately, when it comes to laid back management, it is not really a matter of whether to be lenient or not. Oftentimes, it is a matter of when to be indulgent, because there are certain circumstances that will cause either an advancement or failure. Laid back management is actually a good strategy. Needless to say, workers have to be entitled with certain rights and privileges. Lenient management is often the core of empowering the laborers. More often than not, empowering laborers proved to boost the overall prosperity of the corporation. Oftentimes this may come into explicit forms of idealistic gestures, such as enabling the worker to make any constructive suggestions regarding the company policies. Some companies find this method too lenient to a point of negligence, but there are those that abide by its format. An example of a popular tactic of promoting lenient management is the establishment of friendly relations with employees, although such a gesture could be taken as an extreme idealism for many traditional types of corporations. In certain ways, friendly relationship between the laborer and overseer would result to easy productivity because both parties could defer to one another and even work together to overcome certain challenges. A friendly relationship is often deemed good like-minded academic school of thought for the simple reason that respect for fellow human beings, especially in terms of their dignity, is a non-negotiable aspect of civil law. Alan’s leadership style during the flood was put out to be his â€Å"Dr. Jekyll amp; Mr. Hyde† side. When he noticed that the storm was advancing rapidly towards the valley where his shop is located, Alan to be on the safe side went out to roll up the windows of the clients cars that were in the parking lot waiting to be worked on. Then he noticed that the creek was already rising high and ran back to the shop but got soaked by the rain. His employees laughed at him for: not having enough sense to come in out of the rain. † After 15minutes of hard rain, he realized it wasn’t just a rainstorm, but an actual flood. He ran into the shop and announced in a loud voice that the creek was flooding and instructed all his employees to do certain jobs but nobody seemed to be moving. An employee walked over to Alan and told him, does he really think it’s gonna flood because it’s rained like this before and it doesn’t even reach more than an inch. Alan looks at the employee in the eyes and interrupted his employee by saying in an assertive manner, â€Å"Listen, ad listen good! You and the rest of the crew are going to do what I say, and you’re going to do it now! We can talk later about whether it was a good idea. † By coming out and managing in this manner, Alan shows himself to no longer be a mellow â€Å"laid back† manager but be an assertive and â€Å"drill sergeant† manager. Another very concrete situation from which laid back management will truly not go as planned is when the corporate heads issue an urgent massive quota on such a short deadline. For instance, bombarding laborers with tasks in streamline payroll processing. If the management allows the workers to have a say according to their preference, nobody would be willing to work with such a given condition. The greatest error of imposing laissez-faire supervision is when it comes to the point that the laborers would feel entitled to defy a corporate order. There is a fine line between liberty and anarchy, and the latter could sometimes result from high expectations that are stifled by necessity. His effective behaviors were implemented as being an easy going manager when things are not a risk or are being done incorrectly and a serious go getter when he sees that his business is in danger or an employee is performing incorrectly. After the flood subsided his way of management was very well performed by showing each of his employees that he is highly appreciative of each contribution each employee performed while the flood was in effect. Assertiveness is a key component to being an effective manager, and is particularly important when dealing with difficult employees who thrive on testing your boundaries. Why do employees behave badly to begin with? Because the manager who is in authority is allowing them to behave that way, â€Å"laid back† managers Some techniques that can be used to become a more assertive — and, therefore, more effective — manager: Set and communicate clear boundaries and expectations. Managers who fail to clearly define and consistently enforce boundaries are just asking for trouble from their employees. Your employees are not mind readers,† Shepard emphasized. â€Å"You have got to clearly, clearly, clearly define what you expect and what you will not tolerate. † The good news, he pointed out, is that â€Å"the firmer you are and the more people realize you don’t budge, the less they will test the boundaries. † Hold everyone accountable, even when you don’t want to. â€Å"You have an obligation to your company to do the right thing; they are paying you to make the tough decisions,† stated Shepard. You also â€Å"owe it to your good employees not to let problem employees get away with things they shouldn’t. Although this can be particularly hard when you’re dealing with someone you like or with whom you empathize, said Shepard, â€Å"you are a manager, not Dr. Phil. Don’t get involved in personal lives. † Don’t stomp on your employees’ rights or be disrespectful. â€Å"You don’t have to be a jerk to be assertive,† he noted. A dysfunctional, authoritarian manager will be able to get employees to comply, but not to commit. â€Å"You want people to commit, because that’s how you get your employees to give more than you ask for. † Choose your battles carefully. A smart manager knows that it’s better to lose the battle, sometimes, in order to win the war,† Shepard observed. Choosing not to fight a battle you know you can’t win is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. Being assertive will earn you respect, but only few know how and when to become assertive. High level executives and managers are generally very assertive. However, if they use their positions of power and authority in order to belittle, intimidate, and control those beneath them, it will cause a lot of trouble and loss of respect over the long term. Employees will begin to resent such executives and managers. Their productivity will eventually begin to fall, and if the dictatorial behavior of the executives and managers continues, it will not be long before the organization begins experiencing a high employee turnover. To avoid this problem, it is important to understand the difference between being assertive and being an autocrat. While some managers avoid dictatorial behavior in favor of being passive, this too is just as bad. The problem with passive managers is that employees often do not know what is expected of them, and they will often take the manager for granted. Employees may violate company policy while working in their department, and they will do this largely because they feel the passive manager will let them get away with it. A manager or executive who is assertive is an individual who maintains a balance between these two extremes. If you are passive or dictatorial, your behavior will have a negative impact on your career sooner or later. A manager who is assertive is an individual who can lead their employees, and they can do it without having to use a firm hand, or raise their voice. Some managers do not understand the difference between assertiveness and aggression, so they choose to be passive. But there is a critical difference between the two. An aggressive manager tends to be an individual who is quick to anger. They will usually bang their fists on the desk when an employee does something wrong, and they have no problem raising their voice or yelling at their subordinates. The aggressive manager will generally treat his employees like children. The problem with this form of behavior is that employees are not children, they are adults, and when you treat adults like children, they tend to harbor a great deal of resentment. The aggressive manager is also quick to criticize the work of his employees. If he sees something wrong with the work of his subordinate, he will be quick to point out all the negative aspects of it, as opposed to the positive aspects. In contrast, a passive manager is someone who is easy to walk over. Because he does not take things seriously, the employees will not take things seriously, and they will often do what they want despite the company’s rules and regulations. The primary reason for this is because the passive manager does not bother to enforce the rules. A passive manager will typically avoid doing anything with his employees that might cause conflict, as they do not want to disrupt the workings of their department. The ironic thing about this view is that those who try to avoid conflict the most are the individuals who are most likely to run into it. While the assertive manager is not aggressive, they make everyone understand that their rules must be followed. In conclusion, changing Alan’s way of managing and supervising shouldn’t be changed because of the way he makes himself available to his employees and thanking each employee for their contributions when the flood happened. Hi manner of managing is what makes his business what it is today. Having his clients respect and trust his provided services. References * Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organnizations. (7th ed. , pp. 259-257). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. * Exforsys Inc. (2009, January 29). Traits of an assertive manager. Retrieved from http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/assertive/traits-of-an-assertive-manager. html * Alexander Hamilton Institute. (2012, April 23). Keep employees in check through assertive management techniques. Retrieved from http://www. businessmanagementdaily. com/19465/keep-employees-in-check-through-assertive-management-techniques * HR system: The pros and cons of laid back manpower management. (2012, October 9). Retrieved from http://hrxpayroll. com/blog/hr-system-the-pros-and-cons-of-laid-back-manpower-management/ * Shannon, E. (2004, December 12). The six different types of managers and How to cite Foreign Auto Shop, Papers

Critics on Article 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution free essay sample

First, it violates Article I, which guarantees the integrity of the national territory of the Philippines because it divided the Philippines into three states. Second, it violates Section 1, Article II of the Constitution, which provides for the establishment of democratic and republic States by replacing it with three States organized as a confederation. Third, it violates Section 22, Article II of the Constitution, which, while recognizing and promoting the rights of indigenous cultural communities, provides for national unity and development.Fourth, it violates Section 15, Article X of the Constitution, which, provides for autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and in the Cordilleras within the framework of national sovereignty as well as territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines. Fifth, it violates the sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines. Can the Philippines extend its national territory? Philippines cant even reclaim Mindanao from those al qaeda wannabee s abu sayaf. how you expect it can take over and run additional territory?C. We will write a custom essay sample on Critics on Article 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page described the location as off Subic Bay in Zambales. Chinese media said the encounter was near Scarborough Shoal. The Philippine government version of the location of the high seas collision, given two days after the incident, was closer to that of China. Our Defense Assistant Secretary said it was 125 nautical miles off Subic, near the Scarborough Shoal, which is 123 nautical miles from Subic. Under the baseline law, Scarborough shoal is part of Philippine territory classified as a regime of islands. Inclusion of the shoal in Philippine territory was protested by China, which also claims the shoal as well as the whole of South China Sea. Critics: From the three versions of the location of the collision, it can be concluded that it is in Philippine territory. It can be likened to two quarreling bullies bringing their fight into the front yard a third party, which, in this case, is the Philippines. What did the Philippines do after seeing the two intruders fighting in its front yard?Our Press Secretary showed his ignorance of the baseline law said the the two ships were outside Philippine waters. Suggestion: Someone, please give our Press Secretary a copy of the baseline law and the UNCLOS (United Nations Commission on the Law of the Sea) treaty, which the Philippines signed. Underline please the part where maritime regimes or zones are defined: territorial sea (12 nautical miles from the baseline), contiguous zone (24 nm), economic exclusive zone (200 nm), continental shelf (200 nm) and extended continental shelf (350 nm).Critics: Don’t forget to give our Press Secretary a copy of the Philippine Constitution and bookmark Article I, The National Territory which says. The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. Our Defense Assistant Secretary said there’s nothing to be concerned about because the incident occurred inside the country’s 200-mile exclusive economic zone but outside the country’s 12 nautical mile territorial waters. Our concern is that we must be sure that no foreign vessels enter our territorial waters without authority. We cannot prohibit them from passing through (in economic zones), he said.Critics: It is understandable for Philippine officials to downplay the incident because what can they do? Protest the intrusion of the US and China? One of the four attributes of a state is sovereignty (others are people, territory and government), the supreme right of the state to command obedience within the state. Hard Critics: The incident showed the sad reality that we couldn’t command obedience from intruders in our own territory. Without sovereignty, there is no state. What are we then?

Hypertrophic Prostate and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Question: Describe about the Hypertrophic Prostate and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease. Answer: Introduction The case of choice is that involving Mr Reginald Bowen, a 76-year-old former train driver living alone. He has a previous history of Benign Hypertrophic Prostate and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) which are being managed by oral Omeprazole and Prostate Health Saw Palmetto 3200mg. Furthermore, his wife, Marjorie is at the Golden Oaks Nursing home for high care accommodation due to her age, and it worries Mr Bowen so much since he has been visiting her on a daily basis. The major complaints in the past 24 hours include severe abdominal pain, headache, lethargy, diarrhoea, vomiting and urinary retention. Based on the laboratory results, two faecal specimens were confirmed to contain nucleic acids of Noroviruses leading to a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the intestines and the stomach that is caused by various agents like bacteria and viruses, in this case, Norovirus (Bruggink, Dunbar Marshall 2016, pp.1521-1528). He is on an age pension a nd does not have any private health cover. Part A of this paper seeks to explore Mr Bowens anatomy and physiology in relation to gastroenteritis, its microbial mechanism and pathophysiology. Moreover, part B examines the nursing considerations and precautions in handling the case, two essential and priority problems of Mr Bowen and the evidence-based nursing interventions in the management of the two problems. Anatomy and physiology related to Mr Bowen The Norovirus gastroenteritis affects Mr Bowens part of the digestive system. First off, the digestive system consists of accessory organs like the liver, tongue, teeth, gallbladder and pancreas, and the alimentary canal (Durisch and Mueller, 2014, pp.360-365). The canal is approximately 9 meters and extends from the mouth to the anus, and it is continuous with the skin. There are organs linked along the canal, and mainly the stomach and the intestines are involved in gastroenteritis. The stomach is a J-shaped large portion that is immediately below the diaphragm in the left hypochondriac, epigastric, and umbilical regions (Betts, n.d., pp.1521-1528). It has more abundant folded mucosa into rugae. Its function is for digestion where proteases are released as well as hydrochloric acid. Again, it helps in absorption of water in dehydration, drugs like aspirin, and amino acids among others. It also controls motility and secretion of gastric juices (Betts, n.d., pp.1521-1528). The small intestine is continuous with the pylorus. It is lined with mucosa and secretes digestive juices and hormones like cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, somatostatin, lactase and sucrase among other disaccharides (Betts, n.d., pp.1521-1528). Microbiology The Noroviruses are categorised under the Caliciviruses. Among the four types of caliciviruses, Noroviruses are the most significant in humans. They have a single strand and are RNA viruses that are positive-sense (Durisch and Mueller, 2014, pp.360-365). They have proved to be difficult to understand because of the inability to grow in a well-structured cell culture system. The best-known type of Noroviruses is the Norwalk virus that was an outbreak at an elementary school in Ohios Norwalk in 1968 (Shepherd 2011, p.4). It consists a single strand of RNA as the primary genetic material with kilobases of between 7.3 and 7.7. Around it, there are multiple copies of a protein that is unique, and it is gathered to an outer protective layer known as a capsid (Shepherd 2011, p.4). Additionally, the virus encodes Open Reading frames (ORFs) and specifically three. The largest is ORF 1 that has around 1700 amino acids. Its expression is a polyprotein precursor that is non-structural cleaved by a protease that is 3C-like. The second ORF encodes the capsid of the virus and it has approximately 500 amino acids. It also has the domains that are protruding and has a shell too. The third ORF encodes a protein that is small and basic whose function is not clearly known (Shepherd 2011, p.4). In addition, these factors make the virus very resistant to cold temperatures as well as high temperatures (White, 2014, pp.741-745). Also, disinfection does not eliminate it. Most of the viruses that are non-enveloped exhibit these characteristics making it difficult for elimination and prevention of reinfections (Nims and Plavsic, 2013, pp.358-392). The pathophysiology involved. Noroviruses are transmitted from an individual to the other through faecal-oral route, aerosols or direct contact (Whyte and Jenkins, 2012, pp.443-447). Fifty virions are enough to cause a fever, and they are very stable resisting both low and a high temperature of up to 60 degrees Celsius (Whyte and Jenkins, 2012, pp.443-447). The various forms of disinfection are also tolerated, from the use of chlorine, alcohol, vinegar, and even high concentrations of sugar. The period of incubation is approximately a day or two, and one two three-day lasting symptoms are exhibited (Whyte and Jenkins, 2012, pp.443-447). Viral shedding happens in 3 weeks after infection. The viruses attach the polymorphic histoblood group antigens (HBGAs) which supposedly serve as cofactors and receptors for infection. Their strains vary thus binding different HBGAs like A and O confirming the reinfection rates that may occur. Additionally, the lack of long-term immunity or cross-strain also contributes to the reinfection (White, 2014, pp.741-745). The norovirus affects the GIT in one way but the physiological responses of the body are varied. In the small intestines, the noroviruses damage the microvilli by releasing toxins that interrupt the transport of ions at the brush border cells causing problems of permeability (Bruggink, Dunbar and Marshall, 2016, pp.1521-1528). However, they leave an intact epithelium and mucosa, an investigation can reveal this phenomenon. Furthermore, the microvilli damage causes fat mal-absorption and D-xylose, with a dysfunction of enzymes at the brush border cells. Moreover, the damage causes the secretion of anions and a leak flux (White, 2014, pp.741-745). These changes trigger diarrhoea. The delayed emptying of the stomach and the virus-mediated variations in the gastric motility cause diarrhoea as well (White, 2014, pp.741-745). There is no invasion of the large intestines by the noroviruses hence there are no faecal leukocytes. Haematochezia rarely occurs (Whyte and Jenkins, 2012, pp.443-447). Reference list Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/7dbceb80436716e69dd1dfc9302c1003/Gastro-guidelines-residential-environments_V2.0-cdcb-ics-20160401.pdf?MOD=AJPERESCACHEID=7dbceb80436716e69dd1dfc9302c1003 [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/clinical+topics/clinical+handover/isbar+-+identify+situation+background+assessment+and+recommendation [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Betts, J. (n.d.).Anatomy physiology. Bruggink, L., Dunbar, N. and Marshall, J. (2016). The emergence of GII.Pg norovirus in gastroenteritis outbreaks in Victoria, Australia.J. Med. Virol., 88(9), pp.1521-1528. Durisch, N. and Mueller, N. (2014). Norovirus-Gastroenteritis.Der Gastroenterologe, 9(4), pp.360-365. Nims, R. and Plavsic, M. (2013). Inactivation of Caliciviruses.Pharmaceuticals, 6(3), pp.358-392. Shepherd, A. (2011). The management of gastroenteritis.Independent Nurse, 2011(4). White, P. (2014). Evolution of norovirus.Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(8), pp.741- 745. Whyte, L. and Jenkins, H. (2012). Pathophysiology of diarrhoea.Paediatrics and Child Health, 22(10), pp.443-447.